Diving Deep into Dementia: Five Key Variants

Published on: 10/11/2023

The world of medicine often presents terminologies that seem overarching but are multifaceted beneath the surface, as explained by Dr. Ashok J Bharucha. Dementia, a term broadly used to define cognitive decline affecting daily life, is one such instance. Under the umbrella of dementia, several distinct types emerge based on their causes and symptoms. Let's unravel five primary types of this cognitive disorder:

Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

Dominating the dementia landscape, Alzheimer's Disease represents 60-80% of all cases. Its hallmark is the presence of amyloid plaques and tau tangles within the brain. Memory lapses, particularly short-term memories, are early red flags. As it advances, AD compromises language, comprehension, and social interactions.

Vascular Dementia

Often linked to strokes or transient ischemic attacks, vascular dementia is the brain's response to blocked or reduced blood flow. Its manifestation can be unpredictable, corresponding to the impacted brain area. Common indications are diminished judgment, motor skills challenges, or a faltering walk.

Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)

In dementia, LBD stands out with its unique protein deposits, termed Lewy bodies, in brain cells. These deposits orchestrate many symptoms, from Parkinson 's-like motor issues and visual hallucinations to sharp fluctuations in cognitive abilities. Its multifaceted nature can lead to misdiagnoses.

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

FTD, striking its victims primarily between ages 40 and 65, targets the brain's frontal and temporal lobes. This type dramatically alters personality, behavior, and language capabilities. An individual with FTD might exhibit uncharacteristic impulsivity or struggle with linguistic expression.

Mixed Dementia

A complex interplay of multiple dementia types, mixed dementia usually combines Alzheimer's and vascular dementia elements. Its progression and symptoms are an amalgamation of the individual styles, making it a challenging variant to diagnose and treat.

Dementia is not a monolithic entity but a spectrum of disorders with diverse origins and manifestations. Recognizing its varied types not only aids in precise diagnosis but also paves the way for tailored treatments and interventions. If cognitive disturbances become noticeable in oneself or a dear one, seeking a neurologist's expertise is imperative.