# Reference: 

# https://medium.com/ai反斗城/類別-class-物件-object-和實體-instance的差別-轉錄-5f359c9787fd

# https://totoroliu.medium.com/物件導向-object-oriented-programming-概念-5f205d437fd6

# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming#Inheritance_and_behavioral_subtyping

"""

Three principles of OOP

Encapsulation: Binding together the data and functions 

  that manipulate the data, and that keeps both 

  safe from outside interference and misuse.

Inheritance: Allowing classes to be arranged in a 

  hierarchy that represents "is-a-type-of" relationships.

Polymorphism: The same operation name among objects

  in an inheritance hierarchy may behave differently.

"""

# Class, 類別

class ClassName(object):

  arg_names = ["arg1", "arg2", "arg3"]

  # Constructor function, 建構式, コンストラクタ 【構築子】

  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

    super(ClassName, self).__init__()

    if "arg" in kwargs:

      self.arg = kwargs["arg"]

    # === rapid method ===

    """

    for arg_name in arg_names:

      val = getattr(kwargs, arg_name, None)

      setattr(self, arg_name, val)

    """

    # Encapsulation, 封裝

    self.encapsulation_method()

  # Method, 方法

  def method_A(self):

    # do something

    pass

  # [Polymorphism, 多型] Overloading, 多載

  def method_B(self, arg_a, arg_b=None):

    if arg_b is not None:

      # do something

    else:

      # do something

    pass

  # [Encapsulation, 封裝]

  def encapsulation_method(self):

    # public

    self.arg_a = "arg_a"

    # protect

    self._arg_b = "arg_b"

    # private

    self.__arg_c = "arg_c"

  # [Encapsulation, 封裝] getter

  @property

  def __arg_c(self):

    print('get __arg_c')

    return self.__arg_c

  # [Encapsulation, 封裝] setter

  @__arg_c.setter

  def __arg_c(self, new_val):

    print('set __arg_c')

    self.__arg_c = new_val

# Inheritance, 繼承

class Child(ClassName):

  def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

    super(Child, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

  # [Polymorphism, 多型] Overriding, 複寫

  def method_B(self):

    # do something different with parent

    pass

# Instance, 實例, 個人喜歡稱「實體」

# Instance: An instanceis an object created from a class

class_obj = ClassName()