PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH FISHING

Humans rely on the ocean for nutritional support by harvesting its ample fish. However, in recent

decades, the advent of new technologies has given humans the ability to remove fish from the

ocean on such a scale that would suffice to feed the earth's ever-growing population.

Unfortunately, there are many downsides to today's various fishing practices. Overfishing

remains the biggest challenge facing the fishing industry today. Overfishing refers to removing a

species of fish from an area at an unsustainable rate so that the fisheries cannot maintain a

healthy population, resulting in those species becoming severely depleted, possibly leading to

extinction.

For example, the population of the Atlantic codfish was so high in the 17th century that it drove

the economies of many nations, fed millions, and provided immense support to many large

fisheries. Many people relied on cod fishing for a living at the time, and it had become an

important part of the economy of New England and Massachusetts. The US government quickly

realized the massive economic benefits of cod fishing, prompting US President John Adams to

lobby and ensure that the British government gave US fishermen access to the Grand Banks of

Newfoundland, Canada, which was the largest global cod fishery.

Fast forward to the 1960s, when the advent of technologies like sonar, radar, and radio-frequency

identification allowed anglers to fish deeper for codfish and catch them in larger numbers. Over

the next few years, cod landings began to surge; however, by the 1990s, they experienced a

dramatic plummet. Cod biomass had decreased by more than 99 percent on the Grand Banks and

other Newfoundland fisheries. As a result, cod numbers dropped so low that the Canadian

government enacted a temporary cod fishing prohibition to recover stocks. The United States

also has restrictions on cod fishing. They limited the number of times people could fish and the

number of cod they could catch.

The second major problem associated with fishing is its negative impact on the aquatic habitat.

Fishing methods such as bottom trawling and blast fishing significantly damage the marine

habitat. The bottom trawling method involves dragging large, weighted nets across the seafloor,

destroying a large portion of the habitat in the process. A bottom trawl comprises a large net

with a broad mouth and a small, enclosed end. The mouth of a trawl has two heavy doors that

keep the net open and ensure it stays on the seafloor. The net is dragged through the ocean floor,

destroying any living habitats in its way. The damage is expected to take centuries to heal.

Like bottom trawling, blast fishing, commonly employed in tropical regions, harms the marine

habitat. Blast fishing involves lighting sticks of dynamite and throwing them into the river. The

blast could incapacitate nearby fish and make them float to the surface of the water for easy

capture. The practice can be lucrative for anglers, allowing them to capture many fish from one explosion. However, it destroys coral reefs, which are reproductive habitats that serve as nurseries for various species. The destruction of such a significant developmental habitat usually leads to the rapid decline of many fish species.